Tenshō Shūbun
‘Ten Verses on Oxherding’, – Metropolitan Museum of Art – Wikimedia
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十牛图
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Back in the 12th century, in China’s Zen tradition, appeared a series of ten drawings and their accompanying poems. They were meant to describe the ten stages on the path to enlightenment, or to the recognition of our true nature. This series is traditionally named the ‘Ten Ox Herding Pictures’ or more simply ‘Ten Bulls’, and its best known version was created by the Chinese Zen master Kuoan Shiyuan in the 12th century. The present drawings are copies of the originals by the the 15th century Japanese Zen monk and artist Tenshō Shūbun.
The bull and the herder is an old theme in the Buddhist literature of the first centuries AD, and was borrowed and developed in the tradition of Zen. Although other versions have a different number of drawings, this series with ten pictures was adopted in Japan and made famous in the West through the book ‘Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings’, by Paul Reps and Nyogen Senzaki. The poems have been translated and commented numerous times, as is often the case with Old Chinese, a language which lends itself to man
20 Must-See Masterpieces of Japanese Landscape Painting
by Anne Walther and Jes Kalled | ART
The earliest Japanese paintings were predominantly inspired by Chinese paintings and mostly embraced landscapes as their subjects.
Landscape is referred to as sansui in Japan, san meaning “mountain” and sui “water”. Consequently, many Japanese landscape paintings portray mountains and flowing water. From the fifteenth century, Japanese artists increasingly switched to landscapes of their own country, though they still adhered to the Chinese style and techniques.
In this 20 masterworks of Japanese art, we will take a tour through the most important media and themes beloved of Japanese landscape artists through the centuries.
1. Ukiyo-e (Woodblock Prints)
From the famous Thirty-six Views of Mt Fuji series, in which the famous peak was depicted from thirty-six different perspectives, this landscape piece South Wind, Clear Sky is by none other than Katsushika Hokusai. The artist is considered an expert of ukiyo-e, particularly in the area of landscape. His woodblock prints resonated with the nation during the Edo period, when many people
Shubun (周文)
Shubun (the years of his birth and death was unknown) was a Zen priest and artist-monk in the middle of the Muromachi period. His dogo (a pseudonym as a priest) was Tensho. His secular surname was Fujikura.
While being responsible for the finance of Shokoku-ji Temple as Tsukan, he also served Ashikaga Shogun family as an official painter. In , he participated in the delegation dispatched to Korea and drew landscape paintings there. His achievements, such as coloring the Daruma sculpture of Daruma-ji Temple in Kataoka of Yamoto Province in and traveling to Nara Todai-ji Temple for the purpose of collecting useful information in deigning the Buddhist image of Ungo-ji Temple in , are well-known and he is supposed to have lived until around However, works of art which Shubun actually painted do not exist and therefore, his painting style is not clear. After Shubun died, the position of official painter of the shogun family was succeeded by Sotan Oguri.
Shubun's Works of Art (legend)
Suishoku ranko zu (Hue of the Water, Light on the Peaks) (Nara National Museum) : national treasure
Chikusai Dokusho-zu (painting of Chikusai reading a book) (Tokyo National Museum) :
Mountain Landscape
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伝天章周文筆 山水図屏風
Title:Mountain Landscape
Artist:Traditionally attributed to Tenshō Shūbun (Japanese, active –before )
Period:Muromachi period (–)
Date:early–midth century
Culture:Japan
Medium:Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on paper
Dimensions 5/8 in. × 9 ft. 6 3/16 in. ( × cm)
Overall with mounting: 68 in. × 9 ft. 11 11/16 in. ( × cm)
Classification:Paintings
Credit Line:Mary Griggs Burke Collection, Gift of the Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation,
Object Number, .2
The two greatest masters of Japanese ink monochrome are Tenshō Shūbun (fl. – before ) and Sesshū Toyo (–). But while Sesshū's life and artistic achievement have been extensively recorded and analyzed, Shūbun appears in few literary sources and his paintings are only sketchily documented.[1] What we know of his activity is that he studied with the master Josetsu (fl. late 14th–early 15th century) and that two of his pupils were Sesshū and Oguri Sōtan (). He served as chief painter to the Ashikaga shogunate and appears to have belonged to the Ashikaga family's private temple, Tō
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